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The dirk was an essential sidearm of Scottish Highlander and Lowlander alike. In fact, the dirk was considered so necessary that even after the failure of the last Jacobite rebellion, when the government passed a disarming act, persons deemed in need of something for personal protection - drovers, merchants and the like - were permitted to carry dirks. The dirk is a direct descendant of the knives carried by medieval armored knights which they used to dispatch wounded foes, or as a weapon of last resort. In later medieval times the dudgeon dagger and ballock knives. The dirk as it is most familiar developed about the mid-17th century at the same time becoming the most common weapon in Scotland. Stylistically it went through many changes but a few characteristics are most common. The blades were long in proportion to the grips, some times as long as 18 inches and were single-edged usually with one or more fullers, or lightening grooves (not blood grooves as they are commonly called). Many dirk blades came from cut down or broken swords. The handles were made of wood, bone, brass, pewter and some times antler. The wooden handles tended to be profusely carved with interlaced designs referred to as knot work. Dirks were carried in leather sheaths, usually suspended from the front of the waist belt next to the sporran. This was so they could be easily reached with the non-sword hand in combat. From early times many dirks were equipped with small knives stored out the outside of the sheaths. There were even some dirks with knives, forks or spoons in the sheath. After the Jacobite era, especially into the Victoria era, dirks became more of an ornament than a weapon and many officers and bandsmen of the Highland Regiments wore them. As an ornament the dirk became more gaudy and less practical although many Victorian era dirks are quite attractive and extremely well made. An example of a 19th c. dirk is shown below. It is not for sale.
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